郭象美学:“任性”而“自得”

Guo Xiang's Aesthetics: "Self-Willed" and "Self-Satisfied"

郭象是西晋玄学的重要代表人物。他通过《庄子注》,将庄子“适性”为美的思想作了丰富发挥和重新诠释。他认为,“物任其性”则“自得逍遥”。物之美在于安分守己,适其自性。“无心”是人性,“有情”、“仁义”也是人性。人的“适性”之美在于以“无心”之“至理”排遣“有情”,身在仁义名教之中而心怀自然。他揭示的“终日挥形而神气无变,俯仰万机而淡然自若”的生活方式,体现了当时佛教般若学会通真俗有无的影响,成为魏晋名士风度的精辟概括,也成为那个时代人们生活的审美理想和导向。

Guo Xiang is an important representative of Xuanxue in the West Jin Dynasty. By way of Notes to Zhuangzi, he gives a great play and a new explanation to Zhuangzi＇s aesthetics of the ＂proper mood＂. In his opinion, a person can be ＂self-satisfied＂ if ＂self-wiled＂. The aesthetics of things lies in the satisfaction with the status quo. Just like ＂easy conscience＂, both ＂anxiety＂ and ＂humanity and justice＂ belong to the human characters. While the aesthetics of human ＂proper mood＂ displays in the ＂truest saying＂ of ＂easy conscience＂ and the relief of ＂anxiety＂, the placement of oneself in the humanity and justice and good education can brings him into the natural easy conscience. His lifestyle of ＂keeping easy conscience in the face of troubles＂ discloses the influence of the Buddhism thinking at that time, thus becoming the insightful summary of literary talents＇ manners in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and people＇s aspiration and guidance of aesthetics.