对我国环境部门实行垂直管理的思考

Thinking On the Environmental Vertical Administration in China

我国环境状况的恶化在很大程度上与各地放松环境管制有关,因此很多人主张国家环保总局应该对各地的环境部门实行垂直管理以加强对地方环境执法的监督。然而,垂直管理可能是一剂过于简单的药方,由于受地理距离、各地区环境和经济发展状况的差异以及污染类型的转变等因素影响,垂直管理能在多大程度上遏制地方不合理的经济发展冲动,促进地方环境执法状况的改善值得仔细分析。同时,垂直管理与世界各国环境行政执法上的分权趋势也不相符合。事实上,专门的执法监察机构一样可以强化上级环境行政机关对地方环境执法的监控,实施起来也比较简便和可行。

The deterioration of our environmental condition is mainly because that many local governments loosen their regulations. Many people think the state environmental protection agency should strengthen the administration through vertical management. However, this proposal seems too simple. The vertical management will be affected by these factors, such as distance, the economic and environmental difference and the change of pollution type and cannot work well. So we should analyse it carefully. It is not clear that how much extent vertical management can contain the unreasonable economic development of local governments and bring better environmental enforcement. In fact, special supervisory department can also strengthen the control of higher authorities over local environmental enforcement and it will be handled easily.