紫菜的生殖与生活史研究进展

Reproduction and life history of Porphyra—A review

紫菜(Porphyrasp.)是目前世界上人工养殖海藻中经济价值较高的种类。紫菜通过不同的生殖方式来完成生活史,从而达到繁衍后代的目的。紫菜的生殖主要有无性生殖和有性生殖,单性生殖是一种特殊的有性生殖。紫菜生殖方式的多样性决定了生活史的多样性,这是进化过程中对不同环境做出的不同反应。紫菜的生殖和生活史受基因控制,属遗传基础研究,它对紫菜的育种应用起着重要的指导作用。本文对紫菜生殖和生活史的研究状况以及研究中存在的问题进行评述,旨为紫菜的育种的研究和应用提供理论参考。

Porphyra is the highest economic-value seaweed in the world at present. Porphyra completes the life history and propagates its offspring by different reproduction fashions. Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the two main reproduction fashions in Porphyra. Monogony is a special kind of sexual reproduction. The diversity of reproduction fashion decides the diversity of life history, which is a different response to different environment during the evolution. The study on genetic basis of Porphyra is very im portant to its breeding exploitation, including the reproduction and life history, which are controlled by gene. The status quo of studies on the reproduction and life history of Porphyra and the unsolved problems are discussed in this paper, which can provide references to further study and application.