浙江省伤寒副伤寒流行概况与防制对策

Epidemic situation of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Zhejiang Province and measures for prevention and control

目的了解和掌握伤寒副伤寒流行规律,分析流行因素,探讨防制对策。方法对全省伤寒副伤寒疫情监测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果1987～1994年浙江省伤寒副伤寒发病较高,1995～1999年下降,2000年起有逐年缓慢上升趋势。2004年局部地区出现暴发流行,使全省发病率上升明显,报告发病率达17.52/10万。其中伤寒病例2665例,副伤寒5567例。2004年全省伤寒副伤寒发病前4位分别为台州(3422例,发病率61.56/10万)、宁波(1450例,19.54/10万)、绍兴(805例,18.04/10万)和温州(1280例,17.08/10万),4个地区的报告发病数占全省总报告发病数的84.51%。贝类食品已经成为沿海地区副伤寒发病的危险因素。结论要加强包括海水产品在内的综合性监测工作,控制伤寒副伤寒的暴发流行。

Objective The present study was designed to understand the epidemic law of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, analyze the epidemic factors and explore measures for diseases prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was made on the data of epidemic situation monitoring for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in the whole province. Results The incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever was relative high from 1987 to 1994, decreased from 1995 to 1999, but tended to increase year by year from 2000. An outbreak of epidemic occurred locally in 2004, which made the incidence of the whole province rise significantly, and the reported incidence rate reached 17.52/Lakh, with 2665 cases of typhoid fever and 5567 cases of paratyphoid fever. The top 4 of the whole province for incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in 2004 were Taizhou （3422 cases, incidence rate： 61.56/Lakh）, Ningbo （1450 cases, incidence rate： 19.54/Lakh）, Shaoxing （805 cases, incidence rate： 18.04/Lakh） and Wenzhou （1280 cases, incidence rate： 17.08/Lakh）, and the total cases of the four regions were 84.51% of the reported cases for the whole province. Shellfish have become an important factor for incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in coastal areas. Conclusion The comprehensive monitoring work for products including seawater aquatic products should be strengthened to control outbreak of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.