海滨锦葵（Kostelezkyavirginica）的引种生态学研究

A STUDY ON THE TRIAL PLANTING ECOLOGY OF Kostelezkya virginica IN CHINA

海滨锦葵（Ｋｏｓｔｅｌｅｚｋｙａｖｉｒｇｉｎｉｃａ）原产美国东部沿海，是适宜海滨地区生长的多年生草木植物。在２５‰的盐水浇灌下，其种子产量达０．８～１．５ｔ／ｈａ；而去壳种子含３２％的蛋白质和２２％的脂肪，作为一种正待开发的耐盐作物在其本土引起了重视。１９９２～１９９３年，我们首次从美国把种子引入我国；１９９３～１９９４年，在南京大学试验园内进行了盆栽试验和种子萌发试验，同时在大丰县海堤内进行引种。种子萌发试验表明，在５‰的盐分浓度下，其萌发率大于７０％。我校和大丰县的初次引种获得成功种子产量达０．７ｔ／ｈａ左右，种子的理化成分和含量与原产地接近；同时证明了海滨锦葵是一种高抗逆性植物，如耐盐、耐涝、耐旱都很强。对该物种的引种生态学研究揭示了海滨锦葵在我国沿海地区推广具有美好前景。

Kostelezkya virginica (L) Prel., or seashore mallow (SM), is a rhizomatose perennial that distributes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. Its seed has high protein and fat content and shows good potential for uses as food or feed. As this halophyte is a suitable candidate for the selection of salt tolerant crops that can be planted in heavy salt soil, we introduced it into China first time from the University of Delaware, U.S.A. during 1992-1993. This is a report of the main results in our experiments on SM′s trial plantings from 1993 to 1994. The experiments included an imqiry into seed germination, pot planting and field trial planting. It also provided the phenological observation, biomass of aboveground part, seed yield and analysis of the seed nutrient components. THE SEED GERMIN ATION EXPERIMENT The seeds collected from our botanical garden in the fall of 1993 were carefully selected and treated with 0.5‰,1‰,5‰,10‰,15‰,20. of NaCl solution and fresh water (control) with 3 replicates. The seeds were cultured under alternate temperature between 35℃ and 10℃ for 15 days. Results showed a negative correlation between germination rates and salinity. 83.3% of control seeds germinated, while germination rates of treated seeds were ranging from 76.7% to 3.3%. However, seed soaking in fresh water can significantly enhance the germination when the seeds were sowed directly in saline soils. POT PLANTING The seedlings in 58 pots (31 diameters were 0.56～0.60m, the rest were 0.33m) were under regular 5‰～15‰ salinity irrigation in our botanical garden from appearance of true leaves to florescence period. this plant showed much resistance including salt tolerance, resistance to drought, high temperature and flood, etc. FIELD TRIAL PLANTING Both seed sowing and seedling transplanting were taken in the embanked barren saline soil along the coastline of Dafeng County, Jiangsu Province. The annual mean temperature is 14.8℃, annual precipitation is about 900～1060mm and the soil Salinity is about 6‰. The growth of the plant was under natural condition without any human management after sowing or transplanting and its growth duration is about 150 days from April to September. SEED YIELD AND ANALYSIS The seed yield was 0.724～0.662 t/ha from one-year seedlings and 0.602 t/ha from two year seedlings in pot planting, and the seed yield in dafeng saline land was 0.559 t/ha. The seeds contained 27.4%～29.6% protein and 17.1% oil which were similar to that of U.S.A The success of preliminary trial plantings and the encouraging nutrition value of the seed show a good future for the development and utilization of seashore mallow.