私立大学与近代中国萌芽中的市民社会

Private University and the Resident Society under the Embryonic Stage in Modern China

本文中的“近代”,囊括19世纪末至20世纪上半叶历史时段,此间,中国在从传统农业宗法社会向现代工商社会转型过程当中,萌芽中的市民社会已经出现。私立大学与上述萌芽市民社会具有同一性,并与其形成良性互动。近代中国私立大学的发展,得益于并促进了萌芽市民社会的发展。与此同时,主要由于中国长期的君主专制政治以及由此而形成的社会历史文化传统,使得近代中国市民社会发展极为不成熟并由此决定了私立大学的局限性。

From the end of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, China turned from the traditional agriculture patriarchal soceity to a modem soceity of industry and commerce. At this time, a resident soceity came into its being. There existed homogeneity between the two. And they each helps promote the development of the other. The development of modem Chinese private universities benefited greatly from the sprouting resident. But this resident soceity showed its great immaturity and henceforth determined the limitations of the private universifies. This is mainly due to social, historical and cutural traditions formed in the longterm automafic monarchy politics in china.