内向型与外向型:中美高等教育国际化发展模式分析

Imported and Exported: a Comparsion of the Model of Higher Education Internationalization between the United States and China

根据知识输送方式的不同,高等教育国际化可以分为三种发展模式,即内向型国际化、外向型国际化和综合型国际化。笔者认为目前中美高等教育根据自身不同的特点,采取了不同的高等教育国际化发展模式,由于美国高等教育比较发达,因此实施了以“输出”为主要发展方向的外向型国际化,而目前中国的高等教育相对滞后,因此实行了以“引进”为主要发展方向的内向型国际化。无论内向型国际化还是外向型国际化,在本质上存在着同样的问题———单向度发展。本文将从教育国际化观念、教师国际化、留学生教育以及课程国际化四个方面对中美高等教育国际化发展模式进行分析。

Aceording to the different models of transferring knowledge, there exist three basic models of intemationalization： imported internationalization, exported internationalization and integrated internationalization. Based on their different educational characters, America and China implement diverse internationzation models. For the former, higher education is extremely advanced, it takes the exported model which pays much attention to spread its knowledge, while, in sharp contrast, China implements the imported intemationalzation which attaches much importance to introduce advanced knowledge, with its higher education lagging far behind some developed countries＇. Essentially, there exists the same problem between imported or exported internationalization - unilateral development. This article analyzes and compares the different intemationalization models in America and China from four aspects： the notion of higher education internationalization, the internationalization of staff, the foreign students＇ education and curriculum internationalization.