青藏高原：全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器──Ⅲ．青藏高原隆起对气候变化的影响

Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A Driver and Amplifier of the Global Climatic Change──Ⅲ. The effects of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau on Climatic Changes

新生代出现的几次重大气候变化事件与青藏高原形成过程中经历的几次强烈构造运动在发生年代上的良好对应关系表明两者存在紧密的联系．或许正是青藏高原的隆起导致了气候的巨大变化和现代东亚季风的形成及加强．高大的高原对大气系统有两个重要影响，热力作用和动力作用．它们在亚洲冬季形成蒙古高压、夏季形成印度低压，从而导致东亚季风出现．青藏高原越高，其对大气的作用越显著，形成的蒙古高压、印度低压和东亚季风越强大．因此，东亚季风的形成和加强是青藏高原隆起的结果．东亚季风的加强和高原动力作用使西风带波动增加，造成冰期极地冷空气不断南侵、气候波动变大．青藏高原抬升和季风造成的化学风化增强还使大气ＣＯ２含量降低、气候变冷．因此，青藏高原隆起是控制新生代气候变化的重要因素．

A good corresponding relationship between the occurrances of important climatic changes and the intense tectonic movements of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic implies that they are closely linked. It is possible that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau resulted in great climatic changes and in the formation and intensity of the modern East Asia monsoon. The grand Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau had two influences on atmospheric system, the function heating the air and the function of obstructing air flow. They formed Mongolian High Pressure in winter and Indian Low Pressure in summer, thus giving rise to the appearance of East Asia monsoon. The higher the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the more conspicuous its functions on air, the more intence the Mongolian High Pressure and Indian Low Pressure and East Asia monsoon. Therefore, the formation and intensity of East Asia monsoon were the results of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The greater intensity of East Asia Monsoon and the dynamic function of the plateau also reinforced the Rossby Wave. resulting in the continuous expansion of polar cool moving soutbward in glacial age and in greater climatic fluctuation amplitude. The aggravation of chemical weathering resulting from the tectonic uplift of Qinghai-Tibean Plateau and the monsoon formation reduced the contents of CO2 in the atmosphere, so the global climate became cool. Therefore, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was one of the important factors controlling the climatic changes in the Cenozoic.