跳深纵跳练习对跳高运动员起跳腿“承受能力”的测定与分析

Measurement and Analysis on Enduring Ability of Jump Leg as Adopting Deep-jump and Vertical-jump by High Jumpers

采用运动学和动力学相结合的生物力学研究方法对跳高运动员下肢肌的承受能力进行研究,得出如下主要结论:①跳深纵跳练习可以作为提高跳高运动员起跳能力的专项练习;②跳高运动员起跳腿的承受能力直接影响缓冲和蹬伸过程,并最终影响起跳效果;③膝关节和踝关节,尤其是踝关节是二级跳高运动员下肢承受能力的薄弱环节。同时膝关节是最大缓冲时刻的“关键性环节”;④二级跳高运动员产生最大反跳高度的适宜高度为(35.0±4.56)cm,最大反跳高度为(48.00±3.78)cm;⑤适宜高度跳深的冲击载荷与摸高成绩、适宜高度跳深纵跳的反跳高度与助跑摸高成绩均呈高度相关,两者均是评价运动员起跳能力的重要指标。

This article employed the kinematics and kinetics methods to study the enduring ability of low limb muscle strength of high jumpers. The results reveals： First, it is possible to use the deep-jump and vertical-jump as the expert exer else to improve the jumping ability of high jump athlete. Second, the enduring ability of jump leg will affeet the support and stroke phase directly, and it will do much harm to the jump performance eventually. Third, the enduring ability of knee joint and ankle joint is weak for the second-level high jump athlete, especially the ankle joint. Meanwhile the knee joint is the key joint to the support pha^se, Fourth, the suitable height is（35.0± 4.56）em and the most height is （48.00 ± 3.78）cm. Fifth, the impact load and touch height produce the suitable deep-jump height, meanwhile, the bounce height and run up touch height produce the suitable vertical-jump height. They are high correlation. Both are important guidelines to estimate the jump ability of the high jump athlete.