战前日本选举制度史论：1889-1942——从“人民代表法”到“法制选举”的动因分析

Discussion on the Prewar Japanese Election System

1889年，日本在非西方国家中第一个实施了成文宪法，并据此建立了近代民主选举制度。然而，从国家整体的制度构造来看，由“专制有司”构建的大日本帝国宪法体制以天皇主权为核心，并不是民主的宪法体制。在强大的“自主国家”和弱小的“公民社会”之间，国会选举制度开始了多舛的运行道路，直到帝国宪政崩溃为止，成了反映战前日本的国家政权势力变幻无常与社会运动兴衰不定的晴雨表，其本身也经历了一个从“人民代表法”向“法制选举”的保守转变过程。考察战前日本“本土化”的选举制度发展历程，能够为我们认识东亚地区民主化进程的前景和局限性提供有益的线索。

Statute Law was actualized firstly in Japan in 1889, and the modern democratic election system was established. But considered from the whole system structure, the core of the Japanese constitution system set up by autarchy by the Mikado wasn＇ t democratic. Between the strong autonomous country and weak citizen society, the congress election system experienced difficultly. Until the empire constitution system collapsed it reflected the transformation of prewar Japanese regime force and blossom and wane of social movements. At the same time it transformed from people deputation to legal election. To review the phylogeny of prewar Japanese election system can supply useful clues to help us know the foreground and limitation of democratization of East Asia.