“合理实践—不合理实践”:马克思实践观的深层框架及其意义

The Frame of“Rational-practice-Irrational practice”of Marxist Viewon Practice

“合理实践—不合理实践”框架是马克思实践观的一个重要的深层框架。无论是在社会关系实践维度上,还是在生产力实践维度上,都存在着合理实践与不合理实践的历史运动。任何一种实践形态的必然性、因而其合理性都是历史的暂时的,因此,人类历史从根本上是不断发生的新的合理实践代替旧的不合理实践的永无止境的过程。马克思实践观这一框架的灵魂,是马克思对黑格尔辩证法进行批判改造后所形成的世界永恒发展变化意义上的唯物主义辩证法。它深刻地存在于马克思对社会历史问题特别是经济问题的分析和对古典经济学的批判之中。卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西等西方马克思主义者,对这一框架及其辩证法灵魂进行了富有创意的探讨。这一框架对于认识当今人类的重大现实问题,对于推进当前中国生产力实践与社会关系实践相互关联运动的合理化,具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The frame of ＂rational-practice-irrational practice＂ is one important depth trame ol Marxist view on practice. Whether on the dimension of social-relation-practice or on that of productive-force-practice, there all are the historical movement of the rational-practice and the irrational-practice. The necessity of any pattern of practice is historically temporary and thus its rationality is so. Therefore, the history of mankind is continuous process of rational practices substituting irrational practices. The soul of this frame is the materialist dialectics in the meaning of eternal change which Marx brought forth by criticizing and remolding Hegel＇s dialectics, and it runs through Marx＇s analysis of the issues of social history, especially of economy and his critic on the classical political economies. Lukacs, Korsch and Gramsci have explored this frame and its soul with rather original concept. It has a great theoretical and practical significance for us to realize the current important problems of mankind and to promote the rationalization of the inter-related process of the productive-force-practice and the social-relation-practice in China.