美国男性研究的过去、现在和未来

Masculinity studies in america-past, present, and future

自20世纪70年代中期起,在美国有关男性和男性气质研究(Masculinity Studies)的论著频频出现,男性研究的出现直接受到女权主义者对性别差异传统解释的批判的影响。大多数学者认为男性气质(Masculinity)是指男性自治、男性支配和家庭中男性独立于女性的控制。它关注于两个方面,其一,男性为获得支配地位所产生的焦虑、紧张以及所获的经验;其二,男性在社会和历史环境中如何应对这种焦虑和紧张。男性研究把男人看作一个社会群体。目前在美国男性研究趋向跨学科、跨文化。

Since the first group of works on men and masculinity appeared in the mid - 1970s, lots of works and researches have been appearing frequently and constantly. That is directly influenced by the feminist critiques of the traditional explanations for gender differences. Most scholars share that masculinity refers to male autonomy, male dominance, and male independence from female control in the family. It focuses on anxiety or tensions or experience of struggling for this dominance and how men cope with this anxiety and tensions under a variety of social and historical circumstances. Masculinity studies consider men as a social group. Nowadays, masculinity studies become interdisciplinary and cross- cultural.