家庭暴力的社会人口学特征

Analysis of demographic features on domestic violence

目的探讨家庭暴力(DV)的社会人口学特征。方法采取多级分层随机抽样方法,用自编DV综合问卷,对300户有暴力家庭,以及按照家庭结构配对选取的300户无暴力家庭有关成员作调查访谈。结果施暴者与受虐者年龄组构成比均以30～39岁最高(分别为40.3%和27.1%),文化程度构成比均以小学以下为最高(分别为32.2%和43.1%)。施暴者男性多于女性(70.1%vs29.9%),受虐者女性多于男性(67.0%vs.33.0%),两组性别差异有显著性(P<0.001),成年男性施暴的危险度是女性的5.0倍。成年施暴者受教育年限[(8.9±4.7)年]高于受虐者[(7.5±5.2)年](P<0.01),但低于对照组(P<0.05)。成年施暴者月经济收入[(709.7±796.4)元]及其占家庭总收入比例[(24.1±32.2)%]均显著高于受虐组[(477.5±489.1)元和(17.3±26.0)%](P<0.05或P<0.01),但低于施暴对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。男性自评经济状况差、占家庭经济收入比例低是DV的危险因子。结论家庭暴力高发年龄为以30～39岁,施暴者为男性居多,受虐者大多为女性,施暴者与受虐者的文化程度与经济收入均较低,特别是经济收入占家庭总收入比例低者容易受虐。

Objective To explore the demographic features on domestic violence in Hunan. Methods Three hundred households with a history of domestic violence （DV） were randomly selected, and compared to control group of 300 non-DV households matched for family structure. A self-designed DV questionnaire was used. A total of 934 people were interviewed for the present study. Results （ 1 ） Individuals in the 30 to 39 age group were most highly represented in both the perpetrator and victim groups （40.3% and 27.1% , respectively）. （2） 70.1% of perpetrators were men and 67.0% of victims were women; men were 5 times more likely to be perpetrators than women. （3） The education level of aduk perpetrators was significantly higher than that of victims （8.9 ± 4.7 vs. 7.5 ± 5.2 years, P 〈 0.01 ） , but significantly lower than that of controls（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The modal level of education was elementary school for both perpetrator and victim groups （32.2% and 43.1% , respectively）. （4） While the differences were not significant between families with and without a history of DV with regard to actual annual income and living condition, self-estimated annual income and self-estimated living condition reported by DV families members were significantly worse than those reported by non-DV families. Income and the proportion contributed to total family income were significantly higher in perpetrators than in victims [ 477.5 ± 489. 1 vs. 709.7 ± 796.4 yuan, P 〈 0.01, and （ 24.1 ± 32.2 ） % vs （ 17.3 ± 26.0） %, P 〈 0.01 ], but lower than in control （ P〈0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Male, self-estimated lower economic status and lower contributions to the total family income were risk factors for DV. Conclusion Individuals in the 30 to 39 age group are at higher risk for DV. The perpetrators are more likely to be men, and victims are more likely to be women. Both perpetrators and victims report significantly lower education level and lower income. Individuals who earn a lower proportion of the family total income are more likely to be victims.