山岳风景区景观格局时空变化的比较分析

Comparison analysis of temporal and spatial landscape pattern of Mountainous scenic spot

以泰山的佛爷寺和竹林寺两个山岳风景区为研究对象,采用1986年和2004年两期的遥感数据,研究了两个风景区1980年代中期以来景观格局的时空变化特征以及人类活动对景观格局演变的影响。在分析景观多样性、优势度、均匀度、破碎度、扩展度、伸张度指数时间变化的基础上,对景观的空间格局变化趋势进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,两个景区的斑块数量、面积和斑块密度的变化差异明显;两个地区的景观扩展度均远大于1,说明斑块形状不规则。占据优势的森林类型18年来并未遭受严重破坏,两个景区优势度、均匀度变化趋势基本相似,佛爷寺风景区的破碎度远远高于竹林寺,也表明景区建设等人为干扰是景观格局发生变化的主要驱动力。

A case study of two regions in Mountain Tai, was conducted to develop appropriate analysis and assessment techniques to quantify the nature and magnitude of landscape structural changes within an upland. Based on the Landsat TM images and field survey data, the change of altitude variation of landscape diversity, landscape heterogeneity and landscape dynamics from the year 1986 to 2004 were studied with the aids of 3S techniques. Landscape pattern indices was calculated. The resean：h indicated that： the landscape change of two study areas was difference. Degree of diversity, dominance, evenness, shape index, elongation and fragmentation were assessed through measures of patch area （PA）, number of patches （PN） and patch density （PD）. With the time changing, landscape diversity of the same study area increased. Pinus forest were not destroyed over the 18 years period. The changing difference of landscape dominance and evenness were not obvious. The changing trend is resemble, But landscape fragmentation increased. Human activities, tourism resort development, inharmonious building, were the driving forces to cause the change of landscape.