从农户调查看退耕还林还草工程路径选择问题

Path Selection in Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Project in View of Peasant Household Investigation

为了校正退耕还林草工程操作方面的偏差,用正确的路径保证政策目标的实现,对案例地区———宁夏原州区做了有关政府部门和典型村的农户等2个层面的调查。考察了退耕还林草实施的目标、过程、方式、进度安排,其中存在的问题及各部门的政策建议;访问农户的家庭基本情况、退耕还林草工程参与情况、农地地块退耕前后的利用和投入产出状况、家庭各业生产情况等。结果表明,原州区在实施退耕还林路径上尚存在以下4个方面的主要问题:(1)尊重农民意愿不够;(2)对工程完成后农民的生计考虑不够;(3)工程操作中的乔灌草搭配与自然地理环境不相符;(4)退耕还林工程没有科学规划,操作上的随意性较大。为此提出3条基本建议:(1)加强对退耕还林科学问题的研究,增强政策的科学性;(2)科学规划,实事求是地做好退耕还林还草工作;(3)创造公正的政策环境,让农民做出正确选择。

In order to correct the deviation at project operation of Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland and guarantee the realization of the policy goal with the correct route, subject group choice the case area——Yuanzhou district of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to do an investigation from two aspects in some related government departments and farmers of typical villages, etc. We have learned the goal, process, way, schedule arrangement as well as existential problems of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland and the advice from related departments; we have also collected the general information; Visited the basic situations of family of peasant households, participation to the project, the utilization as well as input and output of the plot＇s pro and after conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, production condition in all kinds industries of family, etc. The result shows that there are four aspects matters exist in project＇s implemental path. The first, it is not enough to respect peasants＇ wills. The second, it is not enough to consider peasants＇ livelihood after the project finished. The third, the proportion of arbor, shrub and grasses is not in conformity with natural geographical environment in the project. The last, the project of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland was not planned scientifically; the operation＇s randomness is relatively great. The paper puts forward three basic suggestions for the questions hereinbefore. The first, strengthen the research of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland so as to strengthen the scientificalness of the policy. The second, plan scientifically, do the work of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland well practically. The last, create the just policy environment so that the peasants can choose correctly.