基于GIS与RS的北方农牧交错带宏观生态背景分异研究

Spatial Differentiation Pattern of Macro-scale Ecological Background of Farming-pastoral Zone in North China Based on GIS and RS

在分析北方农牧交错带地貌特征、气候类型、气温和降水变化趋势等方面的基础上,利用GIS和RS技术,探讨了其宏观生态背景分异。得出如下结论:(1)在全国尺度上,研究区隶属于6个地貌一级区,11个地貌二级区;(2)研究区包括7种气候类型,其中,东部主要以中温带季风性森林草原气候为主,中部以暖温带大陆性森林草原气候为主,西部以温带草原气候为主;(3)近40 a气温与降水变化趋势,在研究区均可分为2种类型3个区域。尽管它们在区域划分界线上不尽相同,但这2种方法所划分的3个区域的核心区域大体一致;(4)依据研究区宏观生态背景的特点,将研究区划分为3个区域:东部东北至华北农牧交错区、中部晋陕宁甘农牧交错区和西部甘青农牧交错区。3大区域在控制地貌、主要气候类型、气候变化趋势上均有各自的特点。

According to the analysis of topographic characters,climate types,the change trend of both temperature and precipitation,use of the technique of RS and GIS,the spatial distribution pattern of macro-scale ecological background were discussed.Conclusion was made as follows:(1) On the countrywide scale,the research area was a part of 6 topography domains and 11 topography regions.(2) There were 7 types of climate in the research area.The East Region was prevailingly controlled by the meso-temperate forest-to-steppe climate,while the Middle Region,by the warm-temperate continental forest-to-steppe climate,and the West Region,by the temperate cold alpine grassland climate.(3) In the recent 40 years,climate change trends varied from region to region.In the East Region it showed mainly a tendency of warm-humid type,while in the Middle Region,a cold-arid type and in the West Region,back to a warm-humid type.(4) According to the geomorphic and climatic characteristics,the research area was divided into three regions: East North-by-Northeast China Farming-pastoral Zone(East Region for short),Middle Farming-pastoral Zone in Shanxi,Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu Provinces(Middle Region for short) and West Farming-pastoral Zone in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces(West Region for short).