职业司机慢性疾病发病危险因素的调查

Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases for Professional Drivers

目的探讨职业司机慢性疾病发病率的危险因素,做好健康监护,减少交通事故。方法采用余善法推荐的NIOSH职业紧张测量工具对调查对象进行测试,每一因素都按照Likert s 5点法和7点法赋分予以数量化,按照量表赋分方法计算各因素得分。随机抽查504名职业司机慢性疾病患病情况及其危险因素,将有、无慢性疾病者进行分组对照分析。结果504名职业司机中有377名曾患有慢性疾病,患病率为74.80%。其中患病率较高的有慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡最多(占26.16%),其他依次为痔疮、慢性泌尿系统疾病、高血压、慢性关节炎、椎间盘突出等。结论影响职业司机慢性疾病患病率的危险因素主要有司机的文化程度、经济状况、生活方式、医疗保障、慢性疾病家族史、从事司机作业工龄等;其次,倒班方式、发生过交通事故、司机平时危险感、紧张感以及对职业态度等也是慢性疾病发病率的危险因素。

Objective To probe into the risk factors of chronic diseases so as to do health surveillance well and to reduce traffic accidents. Methods morbidity in professional drivers Subjects were tested by NIOSH Measurement Instrument of Occupational Strain recommended by YU Shan-fa; each factor was scored by Likert＇s 5 points or 7 points method. The score of each factor was calculated by quantified questionnaires. 504 professional drivers were randomly selected to analyze the prevalence condition of chronic diseases and relevant risk factors, and then a contrast analysis was made by dividing them into groups with or without chronic diseases. Results 377 out of 504 drivers have ever suffered from chronic diseases; the prevalence rate was 74.80%. Among them, the chronic gastritis and digestive ulcer rated the highest, followed by hemorrhoid, chronic urological diseases, hypertension, chronic arthritis, and protrusion of intervertebral disk etc. Conclusions The risk factors of chronic diseases for professional drivers comprise mainly as follows such as education status, economic condition, life style, medical insurance, family history of chronic diseases and working age. Secondly, the way of work shifts, history of having traffic accident, sense of endangerment and strain and occupational attitude are the risk factors too.