单链抗体及其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中应用研究进展

Progress on ScFv and Its Effects of Diagosis and Therapy in Tumors

单链抗体(ScFv)是将抗体重链可变区和轻链可变区通过一段连接肽连接而成的重组蛋白,也是目前报道最多的基因工程抗体。ScFv具有分子质量小,免疫原性低,无Fc端,不易与具有Fc受体的靶细胞结合,对肿瘤组织的穿透力强,可以与其他效应分子连接成抗肿瘤融合蛋白等特点,是保持抗体亲和性和特异性的最小功能性抗体片段,广泛应用于医学和生物技术研究领域。文章介绍了ScFv的特点、基因来源、构建、表达及其在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中的应用研究进展。

Single-chain antibody （ScFv） is a vecombinant protein engineered by linking immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domains together via polypeptide linker. It has been reported mostly in genetically engineered antibody until now. ScFv has following characteristics： smaller molecule weight and lower immunogenicity, can＇t conjugate the Fc receptors of target cells because its Fc domains has been removed, strong tumor tissue penetration, can be formed anti-tumor fusion proteins incorporating additional effect molecules by genetic engineering. ScFv is the smallest functional fragment of antibody that maintains the binding and specificity of the whole antibody and was used extensively in medicine science and biotechnology. In this paper, the progress in the characteristics, resource of gene, construction, expression and application of diagnosis and therapy in tumors of ScFv was introduced.