羊驼生殖器官的解剖与生殖生理学特性

The Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology of Alpacas

综述了羊驼生殖器官的解剖结构与发情、排卵、交配、妊娠和分娩等生殖生理学特征及生殖相关问题。雄性羊驼生殖器官主要特征是睾丸相对较小,缺精囊腺,阴囊位置靠近肛门,阴茎为纤维性类型,阴茎形成S形弯曲,交配时伸出包皮,包皮口朝后,排尿时尿流向后方。雌性羊驼生殖器官主要特征是子宫为双角子宫,子宫颈皱襞不发达,子宫黏膜结构与猪和马的相似。羊驼为单胎动物,交配诱导排卵,通常是单个排卵,即仅有一个卵泡破裂。雌性羊驼无明显的发情表现,性成熟母羊驼空怀状态随时接受交配,交配为卧式交配。妊娠率较高,妊娠与否可以通过多种妊娠检测方法来确定;自然情况下很少有难产发生,遇有特殊情况才需要助产。

The anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs in alpacas were reviewed in this article. The primary character of the male reproductive organ is as follow： the testes are small in volume. The seminal vesicles is absent in alpacas. The position of scrotum near to the anus. The penis, which has a S shape bend, is the fibro-type. The prepuce normally points backwards during urination, but when male alpaca is sexually aroused it points forwards and penis is extrude for mating. The female alpaca reproductive apparatus has many traits. Female alpacas possess the bipartite uterus （which is called bicornuate） and a poor cervix plica. The structure of uterus mucous membrance is similar to the structure of porcine and horse. The alpaca is single-fetal animal. The ovulation usually doesn＇t occur spontaneously and it is the act of copulation itself which induces ovulation, single ovulation is often appear, that is to say ,only one follicle may rupture. The female alpaca has no obvious oestrum, in mature alpaca, providing there is no pregnancy, the female usually is sexually receptive. Alpacas sit down during mating. Alpaca pregnancy rate is relatively high, whether pregnancy or not may detected by many methods. The alpaca dystocias usually don＇t occur spontaneously, only in the special condiction, then assistance is generally required.