“乡下人”的精神诉求与文学想象——沈从文、师陀创作比较论

Country Folks Spirit Inclination And Literary Imagination——A comparison between Shen Congwen and Shi Tuo'Writing

沈从文和师陀虽然风格迥异,却都以“乡下人”自居。作为都市里的“乡下人”,“怀乡”是其无法逃避的文化宿命,所不同的是,沈从文一心一意地建构“人性的希腊小庙”,而师陀则始终无法回避故乡衰败与凋零的现实;沈从文自觉地塑造理想中的“乡下人”品格,由此寄托他对中国社会人生未来的构想,而师陀则从对故乡丑恶人事的揭露和批判出发,转向了深沉的文化思考,将个体生命的感受与体验与对国民劣根性的批判融为一体。不论是沈从文还是师陀,他们均以“乡下人”表明其文化归属,其意义在于对于个体价值的坚守和对艺术风格的独特追求。他们作为“乡下人”的文化性格和审美追求在现代文学史上具有不可替代的重要意义。

Though Shen Congwen is very different from Shi Tuo in literary style, they both consider themselves to be a ＂country folk＂. As a ＂country folk＂ in city, nostalgia is inevitable for them. Differently,Shen Congwen intently builds ＂the small Greece temple of human nature＂, but Shi Tuo can＇t slide over his hometown＇s downfall. Shen Congwen shows his imagination of China＇s future by endowing ＂country folk＂ in his literature works with ideal character. But Shi Tuo always rea Ivels the ugliness and poorness of his home town, and blends his life consciousness together with them. Both Shen Congwen and Shi Tuo make their cultural pursuit clear by emphasizing that they are ＂country folk＂, which reflects their special pursuit for art and individual value. In a word, the cultural character and aesthetic pursuit of Shen Congwen and Shi Tuo who regard themselves as ＂country folk＂ are very important and distinctive in the history of chinese modem literature.