辽宁籍319名汉族大学生足形的间接测量法

Indirect measurement of the foot shape of 319 college students of Han nationality in Liaoning province

目的:运用足的外轮廓间接测量方法,对生长期大学生足型进行间接测量,了解其足形的发育现状,并与其他国家的同类资料进行对比,以积累中国足型间接测量的人类学资料。方法:实验于2000-04/06选取大连医科大学临床医学系99级辽宁籍汉族大学生319名,男156名,女163名,受测者身体健康,无残疾及运动障碍。参照国外有关项目的测量方法,采用《人体测量手册》中有关足的间接测量方法进行实验。受试者采取站立姿势,双足裸足,以自然放松状态踩踏于A3纸上,体质量均匀分布于两足,运用足外轮廓间接测量仪画出左、右足的外部轮廓图形。测量项目包括左右足的足长、前足长、第1趾足长、第2趾足长、第5趾足长、内不踏长、外不踏长、足宽、足跟宽、内半足宽、外半足宽、第1斜角角度、第2斜角角度、趾端角度、第1趾侧角度、内侧角度、第5趾侧角度和外侧角度。所得数据进行统计学处理,分析辽宁籍汉族大学生足部形态外轮廓间接测量指标的发育状况、性别差异、左右足差异以及地区差异。性别差异和左右足差异用u检验,左右足差构成比的性别检验行χ2分析。结果:按意向处理分析,实验选取辽宁籍汉族大学生319名全部完成测量内容而进入结果分析。①辽宁籍319名汉族大学生足外轮廓间接测量项目的基本统计值:除角度项目、内外半足宽比和不踏长比外,左右足各测量指标男性均大于女性(P<0.01)。男性内不踏长、足宽和外侧角度右侧均大于左侧(P<0.01),而前足长、外不踏长、第1斜角角度、第2斜角角度、内侧角度、第5趾侧角度、不踏长比和前足长/足长指数右侧均小于左侧(P<0.01或P<0.05)。女性内不踏长、足宽、内半足宽、外侧角度、第1趾侧角度和内外半足宽比右侧均大于左侧(P<0.01),而外不踏长、外半足宽、第1斜角角度、第2斜角角度、第5趾侧角度和不踏长比右侧均小于左侧(P<0.01)。②辽宁籍319名汉族大学生足拇外翻畸形情况:男性足拇外翻畸形发生率为5.8%,女性为8.0%。③辽宁籍163名汉族女大学生与其他群体资料的比较:辽宁籍汉族女大学生的足部外轮廓各间接测量项目平均值均比东京和伊沙贝拉的相应值小(P<0.05)。结论:辽宁籍汉族大学生足形外轮廓间接测量指标相对较短且窄,形态指标存在明显的性别差异、左右足差异以及地区差异。

AIM： To analyze the developmental status of foot shape of college students in Liaoning province with foot external outline indirect measurement to compare with the data of other countries and accumulate data of foot-indirect measuring for anthropology. METHODS： A total of 319 subjects （156 males, 163 females） of healthy Dalian medical university students （without disability or motor disorder） of Liaoning Han nationality were investigated by foot indirect anthrepometic method from April to June 2000, 18 items and 3 indices of two feet according to commonly used measuring methods of external and internal were assayed with bared and relax foot standing on paper A3 to draw outside outline of left-right foot by foot indirect anthropometic machine of foot outline including foot length, forefoot length, foot length of the first toe, foot length of the second toe, foot length of the fifth toe, instep length, fibular instep length, foot breadth, heel breadth, foot breadth medial half, foot breadth lateral half, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, toe angle, toe 1 angle, medial angle, toe 5 angle and lateral angle. All the data were statistically analysed to assess the developmental status, sex differences, left-and-right differences and area differences of outline of foot shape of college students in Liaoning province, u test was used to test the sex differences and left-and-right differences, and x^2 analysis was used to detect the sex of proportion of left-and right differences. RESULTS： According to intention-to-treat analysis, all the 319 college students of Liaoning Han nationality were involved in the analysis of the results. ①Basic statistical value of measure items in 319 college students from Liaoning province： The main length and width measuring values of males of Liaoning Han nationality were all larger than those of females, except angular items, rate of foot breadth of medial and lateral half, and the rate of step length （P 〈 0.01）. The values of right instep length, foot breadth and lateral angle of males were larger than the left （P 〈 0.01）. The values of right anterior foot length, fibular instep length, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, medial angle, toe 5 angle, rate of step length and rate of anterior foot length and foot length were smaller than the left （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. The values of right instep length, foot breadth, foot breadth medial half, lateral angle, toe 1 angle and rate of foot breadth of medial and lateral half of females were larger than the left （P 〈 0.01）. The values of right fibular instep length, foot breadth lateral half, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, toe 5 angle and rate of step length were smaller than the left （P 〈 0.01）. ②Deformation of foot hallux valgus of 319 Han college students： The rate of hallux valgus was 5.8% in males college students in Liaoning province, and 8.0% in females. ③Comparison of 163 Han female college students and other population： The means of indirect measuring items of foot outline of females college students in Liaoning province were all smaller than those in Japan and Isabela in Philippines （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The foot outline is relatively shorter and thinner, and there are significant-sex differences, left-and-right differences and area differences of foot outline college students of Han nationality in Liaoning province.