摘要
性传播感染（STIs）可以在3个发育阶段对儿童产生影响：幼年期，母婴传播和性侵害都是可能的。青春期前期，由性侵害引起。青春期，性活动放任或性侵害。在儿童／青春期有任何性传播病原体都表明存在性侵害，但是也有非性传播STIs的报道（表1）。确认儿童／青春期的STIs有重要的法律和医学含意，其意义需要认真解释。当存在儿童和青春期青年性侵害的可能性时就需要有经验的多学科团队来慎重对待。需要对担任这方面工作的保健人员进行必要的培训。
STIs can affect children at three developmental stages： during infancy, when mother-to-neonate transmission and sexual abuse must be considered . prepubertally, as a result of sexual abuse . during adolescence, when sexual activity may be consensual or abusive. The presence of any sexually transmitted organism in a child/ adolescent may indicate that sexual abuse has occurred, but non-sexual transmission of STIs has been reported （Figure 1）. Identification of an STI in a child/adolescent has legal and medical implications, and its significance requires careful interpretation. Care is best provided through multidisciplinary teams experienced in dealing with adolescents and children when sexual abuse is a possibility. Appropriate training of health-care professionals undertaking this work is required.
