框鳞镜鲤♀×青鱼♂杂种F)1胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育初步研究

Embryonic and early larval development of the hybrid (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis♀×Mylopharyngodon piceus♂) F_1

采用人工催产和干法受精技术,对框鳞镜鲤♀×青鱼♂进行了2次杂交试验,共获受精卵878.9万粒,用网箱和环道孵化方法共得到培育4d仔鱼358万尾。受精率94.15%,孵化率51.4%。水温控制在23～24℃,受精后5min胚盘隆起,约58min进入2细胞期,1h10min进入4细胞期,1h25min进入8细胞期,1h43min进入16细胞期,1h53min进入32细胞期,2h20min进入多细胞期,2h49min进入囊胚早期,4h30min进入囊胚中期,5h18min进入囊胚晚期,6h30min进入原肠早期,7h30min进入原肠中期,9h30min进入原肠晚期,10h20min进入神经胚期,12h00min进入胚孔封闭期,14h30min进入眼泡出现期,18h20min进入尾芽期,23h30min进入晶体出现期,25h00min进入肌肉效应期,27h55min进入心脏搏动期,40h33min至45h30min为孵出期。胚后发育观察到4日龄,4日龄后下塘培育乌仔,该杂交组合胚胎发育时间介于双亲之间。同时,观察了杂种胚胎发育各时期中自卵裂、囊胚、原肠作用、器官形成至孵出期的发育异常现象,畸形率为51.8%。

Using artificial spawning and dry insemination, two hybrid experiments between cyprinus carpio vat. specularis ♀and Mylopharyngodon piceus ♂ were conducted. A total of 8789 thousand fertilized eggs and 3580 thousand 4-day old larvae were obtained. The fertilization rate was 94.15% and the hatching rate was 51.4%. The fertilized eggs took 5 min after fertilization to develop into formation of blastoderm, about 58 min into 2-cell, 1 h 10 min into 4-cell stage , 1 h 25 min into 8-cell stage, stage 1 h 43 min into 16-cell, 1 h 53 min into 32-cell stage, 2 h 20 min into morula stage, 2 h 49 rain into early-blastula stage, 4 h 30 min into middle- blastula stage, 5 h 18 min into late-blastula stage, 6 h 30 min into early-gastrula stage, 7 h 30 min into middle -gastrula stage, 9 h 30 min into late-gastrula stage, 10 h 20 rain into neurula stage , 12 h 00 rain into blastopre closing stage, 14 h 30 min into optic vesicle stage, 18 h 20 min into tail-bud stage, 23 h 30 min into eye lens formed stage, 25 h 00 min into muscular effect stage, 27 h 55 min into heart working stage, the hatched larvae stage was from 40 h 33 min to 45 h 30 rain after fertilization. The embryonic development was observed until the fourth day then the 4-day old larva were put into the pond for breeding. The embryonic development time of the hybrid is between their parents＇. Meanwhile the abnormal phenomena from fertilized eggs division, organ forming to hatched larva during each embryonic development stage of hybrid were observed. The malformation rate was 51.8%.