陕西省盲校盲童致盲原因调查分析

Causes of blindness children in school for the blind in Shaanxi Province

目的:了解陕西省儿童盲和严重视力损害的原因,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法:参照世界卫生组织儿童视力障碍检查法,2004-06对陕西省某盲校33名盲童的盲及低视力情况进行调查,分析其致盲原因。结果:33名盲童中2名为严重视力损害(6.06%),31名为盲(93.94%)。最常见致盲解剖部位依次为视网膜(36.37%)、青光眼(24.24%)、晶状体(15.15%)、视神经(9.09%)、角膜(9.09%)和全眼球(6.06%)。先天和遗传因素为盲校学生致盲致残的主要原因,占90.91%;后天性占9.09%。视网膜色素变性、先天性青光眼和先天性白内障等为主要原因,占先天因素的70%。可避免性盲16例(48.48%),其中可预防者3例(9.09%),可治疗性者13例(39.39%)。结论:营养性和感染性致盲已较少见,先天和遗传性因素是目前陕西省儿童盲的主要原因。

AIM： To determine the anatomical sites and underlying causes of blindness and severe visual impairment （BL/SVI）, potentially preventable and treatable causes of students in school for the blind in Shaanxi province. METHOD： Thirty-three children were examined in the school for the blind in Shaanxi. A modified WHO/PBL eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision was used. RESULTS： Of these children, 2 （6.06%） were severely visually impaired and 31 （93.94%） were blind. The major anatomical site of visual loss was retina （36.36%）, followed by glaucoma（24.24%）, lens （15.15%）, optic nerve （9.09%）, cornea（9.09%） and whole globe（6.06%）. The major aetiology were retinitis pigmentosa, congenital glaucoma and cataract. The congenital and hereditary factors were the major causes of children blindness （90.91%）, the acquired factors were only 9.09%. Sixteen （48.48%） of cases were considered to be potentially avoidable, in which 3 （9.09%） were preventable and 13 （39.39%） were treatable. CONCLUSIONS： Nutritional and infective diseases were uncommon while congenital and hereditary diseases were the major blinding causes in Shaanxi.