新疆出血热病毒感染乳鼠的病理学观察与检测

Pathological changes in suckling mice infected with Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus

目的观察新疆出血热病毒感染乳鼠引起的病理学变化,建立病理学检测方法。方法分别经皮下与腹腔两种途径感染乳鼠,HE染色后观察引起的病理学变化,并分别应用免疫组化、RT-PCR以及透射电子显微镜对病毒抗原、核酸以及病毒粒子进行检测。结果乳鼠经两种不同途径接种病毒后均出现肝细胞的变性、坏死,并随时间延长逐渐加重。免疫组化可在肝细胞胞浆查见病毒抗原分布,透射电子显微镜下可在肝细胞胞浆内查见病毒粒子,RT-PCR可在心、肝、脾、肾以及脑组织内检测到病毒核酸。结论乳鼠对新疆出血热病毒敏感,经皮下与腹腔接种病毒均可致病;肝脏是新疆出血热病毒感染乳鼠的主要靶器官,主要病变为肝实质细胞的变性、坏死。结合免疫组化、透射电子显微镜与RT-PCR技术可对组织中的新疆出血热病毒进行检测与定位。

Objective To observe the pathological changes induced by Xinjiang bemorrhagic fever （XHF） virus in suckling mice and establish a pathological way for diagnosis. Methods The suckling mice were inoculated with XHF virus by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection separately. The pathological changes were studied and the virus was tested by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy. Results Degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes were found in beth groups of animals and the injuries aggravated gradually. The virus can be detected by the immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in the hearts, livers, spleens, kidneys and brains by the RT-PCR. Conclusion Suckling mice are sensitive to XHF virus and liver is the main target of infection. Injuries can be caused by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. The degeneration and necrosis of bepatocytes are the main pathological changes. The virus can be detected and located with reference to the assay results of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we can also observe the morphology of the XHF virus under the transmission electron microscope.