盐岩中能源(石油和天然气)地下储存力学问题研究现状及其发展

INVESTIGATIONS ON STUDIED SITUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MECHANICAL ASPECTS AND DEVELOPMENT FOR UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN ROCKSALT

盐岩作为石油和天然气等战略与商业地下储存介质在欧洲、美国和加拿大等国家获得了广泛的应用。首先将盐岩中能源储存的相关力学问题的研究,划分成4个发展阶段:(1)20世纪60年初——简单应用阶段。此阶段利用采矿工程方面的力学知识和经验,对能源地下储存的力学方面进行了简单研究和应用;(2)20世纪60年代中期到70年初——模型研究与应用阶段。此阶段利用大型盐岩试样在实验室进行模拟石油或天然气储存,研究盐岩在储存方面的力学特性;(3)20世纪70年代末到90年代中期——数值模拟计算阶段。此阶段利用有限元技术,结合盐岩的试验结果,模拟能源储存过程,进行储存力学方面模拟计算与分析研究;(4)20世纪90年代中期直到现在——损伤模型设计阶段。结合盐岩的损伤与损伤恢复特性及其试验研究,提出了盐岩的几个损伤与损伤恢复本构模型。利用这些模型,使储存库的力学特性得到了更充分的发挥;同时对每个阶段的研究情况进行了分析,重点指出了每一个阶段的主要代表人物及其主要研究成果;其次,对盐岩的本构方程进行了系统总结与评价,指出了各类本构方程的建立依据与工程应用特点,重点介绍了Norton材料模型和Hou/Lux盐岩损伤与损伤恢复本构模型,并指出了这两种计算模型的优缺点;最后提出了今后盐岩研究的主要发展趋势。

Rocksalt is often utilized as underground storage media in which petroleum and natural gas are stored regarding as strategical and commercial resources, which have been extensively utilized in European countries because of mechanical characteristics of rocksalt such as lower permeability and rheology. On the base of the studies and investigations associated with mechanical aspects of rocksalt such as petroleum and natural gas, underground caverns are firstly divided into four stages as follows： （1） the stage of simple application for underground storage combination mechanical knowledge and experiences of mining engineering during the beginning of 1960s~ （2） the stage of models researches utilizing large rocksalt samples in which simulating the process of natural gas or petroleum storage dated from the middle of 1960s to the end of 1970s~ （3） the stage of numerical simulation and calculation by means of FEM or FLAC, considering experimental results of rocksalt samples from 1970s to the middle of 1990s~ （4） the stage of damage and healing constitutive of rocksalt from the middle of 1990s up to now, and situations of each stage are analyzed and discussed. Dominant researchers and their studies associated with mechanical properties of rocksalt are also given. Then, some typical constitutive equations for rocksalt are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the characteristics of constitutive equations are introduced, particularly, Norton model and Hou/Lux constitutive model of damage and healing for rocksalt are induced. The advantages and disadvantages between the two constitutive models are indicated. Finally, the development trends of mechanical studies of rocksalt as petroleum and gas underground storage are listed.