玛纳斯河流域湿地平原水库群对流域生态环境作用的研究

The Function of Wetland Reservoirs on the Eco-environmental Protection in the Manasi River Valley

玛纳斯河流域湿地水库群上接大河、下通灌区,是流域供水系统中最主要、保证率最高的供水水源。对位于玛纳斯河流域泉水溢出带中的湿地水库群对流域生态环境的作用进行了研究,结果表明,该湿地水库群在防止湿地萎缩退化、防止次生盐渍化、保护流域内生物多样性、防风固沙、防止土壤沙化、抵御洪、旱灾害威胁、加强湿地调控能力以及增加了绿洲的人口承载能力和生产力等方面起到了很好的保护作用。该湿地水库群的建设为干旱区山前潜水平原地区的生态工程建设、水资源安全与可持续利用提供了一种良好的示范。

Manasi River wetland is a typical nature wetland in arid areas ,which includes many lakes, reed fields, waterlogged lowlands ,fountains and gullies with about 300 km^2. In the past 50 years ,twelve reservoirs were built in Manasi River wetland that formed a large-scale cluster of wetland reservoirs with storage capacity of 5.83×10^8m^3. The paper discusses the powerful function of the cluster of wetland reservoirs on the coo-environmental protection are discussed. The results show that ; （1） wetland reservoirs can control wetland degeneration and springwater overflow; （2）wetland reservoirs can store floodwater and winter to prevent flood,drought and desertification so that keep ecological system balance of wetland; （3）uncoordinated contradiction between agricultural water use and ecological water demand can be resolved under the adjustable function of wetland reservoirs;（4）wetland reservoirs has effective capability to keep biological diversity. It is undoubtedly an ecological engineering in inland river valley.