重庆都市圈可持续发展面临的生态系统健康问题及保障措施

Analysis on Problems of Ecological System Health of Chongqing Metropolis and Their Countermeasures

三峡水库是我国最大的水利枢纽工程,重庆市是我国最大的内陆山水型城市。重庆市主城区——重庆都市圈就位于三峡水库库尾区段这一特殊地域,属于典型的生态脆弱区,其可持续发展正面临一系列影响生态系统健康的问题,如库尾都市圈生态环境系统容量小,生态景观破碎化现象加剧,水土流失严重,地质灾害频发,城市热岛效应明显、城市人居环境质量差,降尘量大、酸雨频率高、环境污染由都市圈向外围扩散,水质恶化、水生生物多样性受损,库尾泥沙淤积将加剧、环库尾区污染带将形成等。作者对影响都市圈生态系统健康的这些问题进行了详细的阐述;结合重庆都市圈可持续发展和三峡水库安全运行的需求,提出了加大都市圈生态环境建设力度和都市圈绿地景观整治工程,优化都市圈的产业结构与布局,扶持循环经济和生态环保产业发展,控制都市圈主城区规模、积极发展周边卫星城市,增加环保投入、加强重点环保基础设施建设、实施“净空”和“碧水”工程,建立都市圈生态环境信息管理系统和预警系统、实施都市圈生态系统管理等八条保障措施。

Three-Gorges reservoir is one of the biggest water conservancy and control projects in the world ,and Chongqing city is the biggest interior city in China,the core districts of Chongqing city-Chongqing metropolis is located at the tail area of Three Gorges reservoir where eco-environment is very fragile. A series of grave eco-environmental problems affecting ecological system health appeared as follows： the forest landscape has been fragmented, soil erosion has been intensified, geological disasters become more and more frequented ,phenomenon of city ＂heat islands＂ is protruding ,environment pollution is spreading from the city proper to the suburbs ,water quality of monitoring section of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River has worsened and aquatic living things diversity are subjected to threaten ,especially contaminated zone along both banks of Three Gorges reservoir will form in the next six years and epidemic diseases in the tail area of Three Gorges reservoir （including Chongqing core districts） will probable appear. Above problems will affect ecological security of the tail area of Three Gorges reservoir and sustainable development of Chongqing metropolis. In order to safeguard ecological system health of Chongqing metropolis,eight proposals are provided such as strengthening construction of city forest landscape project, optimizing industrial structure and distribution,developing cycle economic and environmental protection estate,establishment of eco-environmental information forecast system,carrying out ecosystem management for Chongqing metropolis and so on , according to the requirement of sustainable development of Chongqing metropolis and ecosystem security of Three-Gorges reservoir.