黄河三角洲植被资源及其特征分析

Study on Flora Resources and Its Features in Yellow River Delta Region

黄河三角洲地区的光热资源优越,天然降水不足;主要的环境问题是土壤盐碱化,植被稀少,逆向演替。由于新生土壤次生盐渍化严重,在这种土壤条件下形成的天然植被以草甸为主,天然植被主要有湿生植被和盐生植被两种类型,包括10余种群落;其特点是原始林荡然无存,次生林以滩涂柽柳林为主,人工林以刺槐林为主,且分布不均。这些植被形成时间较短,群落稳定性差,种类组成单调,植被组成以草本植物为主,由此构成的陆地生态系统骨架不稳固,生态系统脆弱。应当因地制宜,大力培育木本植物植被,增加植被种类。

Natural resources such as sunshine and land area was optimum in Yellow River Delta（YRD）region. In view of its location and natural conditions,so far there exited a lot of environmental problems,eg, lower precipitation,soil salinazation, smaller plant coverage and succession towards adverse direction in YRD. Since plants grew in newly formed soil,main natural flora was mead plant,consisted of wetland community and saline land community,which coveredover 10 communities. These floras were characterized with no natural forest;Tarnarix ssp. being the major part of secondary forests,uneven distributed black locust consisting of plantation. Due to establishment in a short time,the stability of flora was poor,species were less,and major communities were herbs. Thus the ecosystem complied with these communities was unstable and fragile. Therefore, forestation is one of the vital measures to deal with environment degradation to increase plant community.