基于矿山工程特点的地质灾害危险性评估——以河南某石灰岩矿山为例

Risk evaluation of geological disaster on the basis of mine characteristics——a case study of a limestone mine in Henan Province

矿山工程的特点:①建设项目分散;②地质环境条件相对复杂;③各功能区对地质环境的要求及破坏程度差异较大。针对矿山分项工程的地质灾害危险性评估,对指导矿山地质灾害防治具有现实意义。文章以河南某地石灰岩矿山为例,着重介绍矿山分项工程地质灾害危险性预测评估的基本思路、分析方法及防治对策。在查清地质环境条件及地质灾害现状基础上,结合采矿工程破坏性强、爆破材料仓库对环境要求高等分项工程的特点,以表格的形式分别对矿山工业广场、采矿场、碎石车间、爆破材料库、矿石库、废石场等分项工程引发、加剧和遭受地质灾害的危险性进行预测。根据地质灾害的危害对象、危害程度和期望价值损失率对分项工程建设场地的危险性及适宜性进行评估,并分类、分项提出地质灾害防治措施。实践证明,以分项工程为研究单元的矿山地质灾害逐项分析预测模式,所得结论与建议,便于矿山工程设计、施工和运行管理人员对地质灾害评估成果的运用。

Mining projects have some characteristics as follows： （1） decentralization of construction projects; （2）relative complexity of geological environment;（3 ）the differences of the function areas between geological environments and damages. Aming at the risk evaluation of geological disaster of subentry projects of mine, it also has practical significance to instruct the prevention and control measures of the geological disasters of mine. Taking a limestone mine in Henan Province as an example,this paper mainly introduces basic consideration devaluation ways of thinking, analysis methods and preventional countermeasures. The basic ansiderations of evaluation are as follows： on the basis of finding out conditions of geological environment and present situation of geological disaster, combining with features of subentry project such as mining engineering having great damage and demolishing material stock excessively depending on environment and so on, the risk of the geological disasters caused and aggravated by subentry projects such as industry square, mine square, crushed stone shop, demolishing material stock ore shop and waste square is predicted through tables, according to the harmed objects, the damage degree and the loss rate of expectation price, the risk and the feasibility of subentry project construction sites are evaluated. Then, the corresponding prevention and control measures of the geological disasters are put forward for different subentry project construction sites. Item by item analysis prediction model of geological disasters taking on subentry projects as studying unit helps the usage of achievements in evaluation of geological disasters for design and construction of mine project and the management.