黄土高原北部风沙区土地沙漠化问题及防治对策

Land desertification of the northern Loess Plateau in China

本文所研究的黄土高原北部风沙区生态环境脆弱,加上长期以来人类不合理地利用资源,土地沙漠化问题日益严重。沙漠化土地已经以不同的等级类型不连续地散布在整个黄土高原的北部边缘,并有进一步由北向南推进的趋势。其中地表沙性物质基础和干旱多风的动力条件是其发生发展的基本条件,起决定作用;人为因素是外在条件,加速沙漠化的发展。黄土高原北部土地沙漠化的危害,在本区域的表现十分突出。不仅对当地经济的发展和人民生活有严重影响,更为严重的是该地区土地沙漠化的现状、形成及扩展,会使黄河流域土地沙漠化进一步向南推进,对整个黄土高原甚至我国整个北方地区的自然环境都有直接影响。黄土高原北部边缘土地沙漠化问题,不仅是当地经济振兴的严重障碍,而且威胁着整个黄土高原地区资源的开发与利用。因此,如何及时采取有效措施遏制其土地沙漠化势头就成为了一个迫在眉睫,并急需解决的问题。本文在搜集大量原始资料的基础上,对该区土地沙漠化的现状进行了总结,探讨了形成机理,并进一步分析了沙漠化的危害,最后提出了相应的防治对策。

The environment in northern Loess Plateau is much worse than other parts of China as a reult of rapid desertification mainly caused by human activities. The desertification in this area has reached to the whole north edge of the loess plateau, and has a movement trend towards south. Great abundance of surficial deposits and arid and windy climate conditions are the internal factors of the development of desertification, while human artivities are the major manual external factors, The desertification in the northern＇ Loess Plateau is extremely serious, slowing even stopping local economic development, restricting the exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Therefore, it＇s very urgent to control the desertification in the northern Loess Plateau. On the basis of plenty of first-hand information, this paper summaries the current situation of desertification in the area and discusses desertification mechanism, and possible consequences. Finally, some correspond control countermeasures are suggested.