乌鲁木齐城市土壤中重金属分布

Distribution of heavy metal in urban soil of Urumqi City

研究了乌鲁木齐城市土壤中重金属含量状况、空间分布及化学形态分布。结果表明:乌鲁木齐城市土壤受到了不同程度Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn污染,其中Pb的污染相当严重;除Mn、Fe以外,土壤中同一重金属元素含量在不同功能区的分布差异显著;各重金属元素形态分布规律并不完全相同,但均以残渣态为主;乌鲁木齐城市土壤中活性态Pb的比例最高,活性态Fe的比例最低,同一重金属元素活性态在不同功能区的分布差异显著。

The urban area of Urumqi is 67.4 km^2, it has more than 2 million of population, and its urbanization level is high. In this paper, the content, spatial distribution and chemical properties of heavy metals in urban soil are researched by collecting and analyzing soil samples from the parks, industrial areas, areas with busy traffic, commercial areas, cultural and educational areas, and residential areas. The results are as follows： （1） Urban soil in Urumqi is polluted by Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in varying degrees, in which the serious Pb pollution of soil is possibly main reason resulting in the super-criterion of blood plumbum of children. The Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil are mainly discharged by human activities, and Mn and Fe in soil come mainly from natural sources; （2） The contents of heavy metals in soil are different from the different functional areas except for Mn and Fe; （3） The spatial distribution of heavy metals is different; （4） The proportion of active fraction of the same heavy metal is significantly different from the different functional areas due to the different impacts of human activities.