绿水及其研究进展

Green Water and Its Research Progresses

从水循环的角度分析,全球尺度上总降水的65%通过森林、草地、湿地和雨养农田的蒸散返回到大气中,成为绿水流(绿水),仅有35%的降水储存于河流、湖泊以及含水层中,成为蓝水。目前的水资源评价多集中于可见的、可以被人类直接利用的蓝水资源,忽略了绿水资源的评价和管理。绿水最初被定义为蒸散流,是流向大气圈的水汽流,后来被定义为具体的资源,即绿水是源于降水、存储于土壤并通过植被蒸散发消耗掉的水资源,尤其在雨养农业区是重要的水资源。介绍了绿水的概念,绿水在陆地生态系统中的作用,综述了绿水评价研究的进展、影响绿水流的因素、全球绿水资源状况和水安全等,展望了未来绿水研究,指出应将绿水资源纳入水资源评价之中,开展绿水管理、绿水和蓝水综合利用研究,自然生态系统与粮食生产绿水均衡利用研究。

At global level, about 65% of water received as precipitation returns to the atmosphere as green water flow （i. e. transpiration from forest, grassland, wetland and rainfed farmland）. Still, water management and governance to date has almost exclusively focused on the visible blue water flow （ i. e. runoff flow in rivers, aquifers and lakes）. Green water is defined as water flow returned to atmosphere in the original document. Only in the past few years has it become recognized as resources of production of plant biomass that first remain in the soil in the form of humidity, are then stored in plants during their growth, and are finally released back into the atmosphere through evaporation. This paper presented the evolution of the green water concept, the effects affect green water flow, and the roles of green water played in the terrestrial ecosystems, and reviewed the advances in green water e- valuation and the current status of global green water resources and green water security. It is pointed out that green water resources should be included in the water resources evaluation system, green water related researches such as green water management, comprehensive usage of blue water and green water resources, and balancing water for humans and nature should be deployed in the future.