外来种入侵现象、问题及研究重点

Issues,Phenomena and Study Emphases of Alien Species Invasion in China

外来入侵种已在全世界范围内广泛传播,引起极大的社会、经济和生态问题。这些物种严重威胁着生态系统的结构与功能,破坏了生态系统的完整性,加速物种灭绝,造成生物多样性的丧失。中国也同样面临着外来种入侵的严峻问题,目前共查明有283种外来入侵种。这些外来入侵种已给中国经济带来了巨大损失,据初略估算,其经济损失每年约为144.8亿美元。结合外来种入侵所造成的问题及该领域的研究进展,提出了进一步加强入侵机理、扩散过程和入侵生态效应的理论研究,建议尽早建立外来种数据库与早期预警系统,呼吁外来物种对生态系统的食物网结构、物种多样性和生态系统功能的影响等问题是我国应当优先开展的研究工作。

Alien invasive species are becoming more and more pervasive throughout the world, which have caused severe social, economic and ecological problems. These species are devastating structure and function of ecosystems, destroying integrity of natural ecosystems, accelerating extinction of species, and increasing the loss of biodiversity. China also faces the urging problems of the alien species invasions ; for the time being, there are 283 alien invasive species in total, which have caused great economic problems. By a rough estimation, the economic losses amount to 144.8 hundred million US dollars per year in China. Considering the current conditions of alien invasive species problems and their research development in the Scientific Communities of China and the world, the following phenomena and problems were put forward as priority research and development fields of invasive biology in this paper. They are the further studies on the theory of invasion mechanism, process and ecological effects; the development of alien species database and establishment of earlywarning system ; the effects of alien species invasion on the food web structure, the species biodiversity and the functions of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.