部分小麦育种材料低分子量谷蛋白亚基等位基因变异

Allielic Variation of Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in Some Breeding Material of Wheat

改进小麦LMW—GS分离技术，利用改良一步单向连续梯度SDS—PAGE技术分析40份具有较好品质、产量特性的小麦育种亲本材料的LMW—GS类型和组成形式。结果表明：采用适当的方法提取谷蛋白亚基，在4．8％浓缩胶（pH6．8，C≡2．6％），12．0％～14．0％连续梯度分离胶浓度（pH8．8，C=1．3％），电流35mA，电泳330min后可以获得良好的LMW—GS分离效果。Glu-3位点出现11种变异类型、19种亚基组合形式。Glu—A3位点出现Glu—A3a、Glu—A3b、Glu—A3c、Glu—A3d4种类型，频率分别为40．0％、12．5％、10．0％、37．5％；Glu—B3位点出现7种亚基类型，其中Glu—B3d、Glu—B3b、Glu—B3j为主要类型，频率分别为40．0％、20．0％、12．5％。亚基组合形式Glu—A3a＋Glu—B3d组合频率最高，频率为22．5％；9个亚基组合分别只在一个亲本出现，占分析材料总数22．5％。Glu—A3位点的遗传变异指数为0．6738，Glu—B3位点的遗传变异指数为0．8008，表明Glu-3位点遗传变异丰富。

While the separating technique of wheat LMW-GS was improved,the modified one-step unidirectional continuous SDS-PAGE was adopted to analyze the types and compositions of LMW-GS in forty materials of wheat breeding with favorable quality and yield characteristics. The results showed that the good separating performance of glutenin subunits took place where 4.8% concentrated gel （pH= 6.8 and C= 2.6 % ）, continuous separating gel （pH 8.8, C = 1.3 % ） wit h it s concentration ranging within 12 % - 14%, electric current set at 35 mA and electrophoresis during set at 330 minutes were used. Eleven variation types and 19 subunit compositions occurred at the loci Glu-3. The four types occurred at Glu-3 were GluA3a,Glu-A3b,Glu-A3c and Glu-A3d with their frequencies standing at 40.0%,12.5%,10. 0%,and 37. 5% ,respectively. Seven types occurred at Glu-B3 and the major ones of them were Glu-B3d,Glu-B3b and Glu-B3j with their frequencies at 40.0% ,20.0% and 12.5% ,respectively. The subunit composition with the highest frequency was Glu-A3a ＋Glu-B3d whose frequency was 22. 5%;Nine subunit compositions separately appeared in one parent and involved 22.5 % of the materials in question. The Nei＇s genetic variation index was 0. 673 8 at Glu-A3 and 0. 800 8 at Glu-B3,which indicated that there were rich genetic variations at Glu-3.