现代语言观的兴起与文学观念的现代转型——梁启超语言研究的文化意义

The Rise of Modern Conception of Language and Modern Transition of Chinese Literary Theory ——Cultural Significance of Liang Qichao's Study on the Language

在研究晚清以来中国文化转型问题时,梁启超的语言文字研究常被忽视。事实上语言文字问题与文化变革紧密相关。梁启超的语言文字研究主要体现在三个方面:(一)倡导国语,进而倡导新小说,这是民族国家意识的体现;(二)推进汉语研究现代进程,具体体现在比较眼光、历史意识、科学精神三点;(三)坚持语言工具论,但晚年已意识到文学革新与语言之间存在的复杂关联,认识有所突破。梁启超的研究决不只限于学科意义,它实际关联到中国文化现代性以及文化认同的问题。这也是五四一代学人所面对的重大文化课题。

In studying the problem of Chinese culture transition since late Qing dynasty,Hang Qichao＇s studying on the language and the script is usually neglected.This thesis will research from three aspects： first, he advocated the National language which embodies the notion of national state, then he praised the New Novel; second, he gave an impulse to the modern process of studying the Chinese language which embraced three aspects：comparative method, historical consciousness and scientific spirit; finally, he was involved in the puzzle of the theory that regarded the language as a tool.He had found out the complicated relationship between literature and language.Liang did not limited within the discipline because his studies have something with the problem of modernity of Chinese culture and that of cultural identity which also are the great cultural points the May 4^th scholars had to face.