试析中国古代的“天地人”观念

A Survey on the Ancient Conceptions of the Sky, the Earth and the Human in Ancient Chinese Philosophy

天、地、人是古代中华民族对宇宙整体的总的看法,是研讨一切具体事物所共通使用的理论原点。古人从天文现象、气候更迭、天气变化等“天”象中观察到“时”的变化,从地形地貌、植被物产、位置环境等“地”貌中发现对自然资源的利用,从人禽的二重化、圣凡二重化、性情二重化中明确了“人”的行为准则、道德操守、价值判断。就认识对象而言,“天地人”是整体的、系统的;就认识过程而言,是从天→地→人的以大观小、从整体到局部的认识模式;在“天地人”整体内比较而言,人居于主导地位。

Sky, Earth ＆ Human is the general view of ancient people in China to the world, which is also an original theory applicable to both or all. The ancients woke up to Time from astronomical phenomena, alternant seasons and variational weather, learned to use nature resource from different physiognomy, different vegetation, and different products, and understanding the behavior, morality and value of their own form the twoness between human and beast, between everyman and saint, between humanity and ardor. To the understanding subject, Sky, Earth ＆ Human is holistic and systemic; to the understanding course, it is form Sky to Earth then to Human, which is from the great to the small, from the whole to the part; comparing with the other dements, Human is more magistral and more important.