化学反应中的双稳性的临界现象及Landau相变理论

Critical Phenomena of the Bistability in Chemical Reactions and Landau Theory of Phase Transitions

本文通过两个典型事例,即Langmuir形式的交换过程和Schl(?)gle用以模拟一级相变的自催化反应,阐明化学反应系统的双稳性临界现象同样可以纳入Landau相变理论的模式,从而进一步揭示了双稳系统一级相交线临界点的二级(连续)相变特征,同时也揭示了作为远离平衡的化学反应双稳性临界现象的共性,以至于在更大范围内临界现象的共性.将相变的Landau理论,由原来的处于热平衡的凝聚物质推广到范围更宽广,表现更为丰富多彩的远离平衡系统的临界现象.

By analysing two examples, i, e, the Langmuir type of exchang process and the autocatalytic reation system, introduced by Schlogle to simulate phase tration of first order, it is demonstrated that critical phenomena of the bistability in chemical reactions can be also cast into the standard formulation of Landau (mean - field) theory of transitions. This reveals further the feature of second - order - like transition at the critical point of line of discontinuous transitions in bistable systems and shows also the generality of critical phenmena in different bistable systems, including the chemical ones. The Landau theory of transitions, related initially to the condensed matter in equilibrium state, is generalized to more varied and intersting systems, far from equilibrium.