中国长白山北坡蝗虫生态适应特性的研究

Study on ecological adaptability characters of grasshoppers in northern slope of Changbai Mountains,China

2003年7—9月系统调查了长白山地区蝗虫的形态特征和各垂直带内环境因子之间的关系,2004年的7—10月进行了补充调查.结果表明:三大不同垂直带内同种雌性蝗虫的各项形态指标之间存在着极显著差异,而在同种蝗虫雄性间表现为不显著,造成这种差异的原因是由于雌、雄两性在生殖过程中的行为差异所致;在所考虑的6种环境因子中,不同垂直带内同种蝗虫的前翅长、后足股节长和体长的差异主要受郁闭度的影响,年平均气温主要影响雌性蝗虫的胫节长.并进一步对各种环境因子发生作用的原因进行了分析.

The community of grasshoppers in Changbai Mountain area was investigated during the period of July to September 2003, and was investigated complementally from July to October in the next year. The relationship between morphological configurations and environmental factors was studied. The results showed： there were no significant differences in morphological configuration among the same kind of male grasshoppers on different vertical belt, but the 4 measured morphology indexes had more notable differences in the same kind female grasshoppers through multiple analysis of variance, it was probably caused by the behavior discrepancy during the period of procreation process. Six environmental factors were taken into consideration, the discrepancy of forewing length, posterior femur length and the length of body were mainly affected by canopy density,but tibia length was mainly affected by average lapse rate in a year. In short, temperature,moisture and illumination etc. varied within the hoist of the altitude in northern slop of Changbai Mountains. Different altitude gradient has different vegetation form,offers different vegetation food, habitat arena, and microclimate for grasshoppers. Under the pressure of natural selection,grasshoppers living in different ecological environment express different ecological characters adapting to the living conditions in the following aspects： species composition,behavior, morphology and so on, so they can subsist in different ecological environment.