豆制品生产中高浓度废水的检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of the Concentrated Waste Water from Soybean Processes

为了深入探讨豆制品生产废水的再资源化价值,文中对豆腐和大豆分离蛋白生产过程中所排放高浓废水的成分和水质进行了检测与分析。结果显示,高浓乳清废水的COD、BOD远远高于国家规定的排放标准,其主要成分为糖、乳清蛋白、脂肪以及含量相对丰富的生物活性成分。在豆腐生产所排放的黄浆水中含有的大豆皂苷占大豆原料中皂苷原含量的58%、大豆异黄酮的50%,功能性低聚糖———水苏糖和棉籽糖分别占83%和94%;蛋白质占17%,脂肪占17%。一步碱溶酸沉法生产大豆分离蛋白时所排放的乳清废水中含有的大豆皂苷、异黄酮、水苏糖、棉籽糖、蛋白质、脂肪分别占豆粕中的38%、34%、87%、65%、8%、28%。说明豆制品生产废水中的大豆皂苷、大豆异黄酮以及大豆低聚糖等生物活性成分的含量颇高、具有回收价值。

The compositions and water quality of the concentrated waste water drained in the processes of bean curd （Tofu） and isolated soy protein are detected and analyzed to find out the reuse value of waste water of soybean processing. The results showed that the COD and BOD in the concentrated waste water exceed the national standards and main substances in solids are carbohydrates, whey protein, fats and bio active compounds. In the whey waste water drained from bean curd processing, the content of soybean Saponin compared with soybean is about 58 %, Soybean Isoflavone is about 50 %, the components of functional Soybean oligosaccharides-stochyose and raffinoseare 83% and 94% respectively, protein is about 17% and fat is about 17%. In the whey waste water drained by the process of isolated soybean protein in the method of one step alkali-dissolving and acid-sedimentation, the content of soybean Saponln compared with bean cake is 38%, Soybean Isoflavone is 34%, stochyose 87%, raffinose 65 %, protein 8 % and fats 28 %. Those results indicated that there are relatively high content of bio-active substances, such as soybean Saponin, Soybean Isoflavone and mybean oligosaccharides. It is worthy to recover those valuable substances.