论贸易技术壁垒的性质及其经济效应

Toward the Nature and Economic Effect of Technical Barriers to Trade

贸易技术壁垒本身具有针对性和隐蔽性强、一定的合法性以及影响面广等特点,使得贸易技术壁垒成为国际贸易中使用最广泛、效果最显著的非关税壁垒措施之一。无可争辩的事实是:有些贸易技术壁垒措施具有合理性,也为国际贸易发展创造了新的机遇,但也有一些贸易技术壁垒措施从科学技术、卫生、检疫、安全、环保、产品质量和认证等方面入手,披上合法外衣,灵活多变,使得国外厂商难以应付,实际上已经成为推行新贸易保护主义的手段,从而影响着各国经济政策的制定,因而也就直接或间接地制约着国际贸易的发展速度,并在一定程度上影响着国际贸易的商品结构、地理方向,引起不同国家间、集团间的贸易摩擦和冲突。

Technical barriers to trade(TBT),as one of the most effective non-tariff barriers,are being used extensively.This fact is due to different reasons such as the gap of technological level,sharp reduction in tariff and elimination of quantitative restriction,demands on health and safety of consumers,exceptional stipulations of WTO agreements,and the characteristics of TBT itself.Some measures of TBT are reasonable;they play positive rules to promote international trade.However,others become trade barriers in the legal form and thus are difficult to deal with.These TBT restrict the growth rate of international trade as well as affect countries' policy in direct or indirect manner.