黄河中游粗泥沙集中来源区产沙规律综述

Summary of Storms,Floods and Sediment Yield Laws of Coarse Sediment Concentrated Region in the Middle Yellow River

在前人研究的基础上分析总结了该区特有的暴雨洪水产沙规律:暴雨是侵蚀产沙的主要动力,暴雨、洪水、泥沙之间存在着必然的关系;洪水发生时间集中,峰高量大,暴涨暴落,对黄河中游大洪峰的形成具有决定性影响;侵蚀产沙强烈而粗泥沙集中,输沙能力强,洪水含沙量高,是黄河粗泥沙的集中来源地;河龙区间特别是粗泥沙集中来源区频繁或连续的暴雨洪水对黄河输沙有重要影响;随着治理水平的提高,区域洪水有减小趋势,但泥沙量变化不明显,大部分支流的洪峰流量、洪水含水量反应不敏感,说明一般规模和水平的治理工程还不能有效控制区域大洪水特别是特大洪水的泥沙。

The paper analyzes and summarizes the following laws of distinctive sediment yield produced in storm floods of the region based on predecessors' study: storm is the main dynamic force of erosive sediment yield and storm,flood and sediment exist an inevitable relation;the flood occurring time is concentrated with high peaks and huge volume,suddenly rising and suddenly falling and has decisive influence to the formation of a major flood peak in the middle Yellow River;the main reasons of concentrated coarse sediment of the river is severe erosive sediment yield,strong sediment transporting capacity and high sediment concentration;the important influence of frequent or continued storm floods happened in He-Long reach especially in coarse sediment concentrated region to the sediment transport of the Yellow River and;along with the increase of harnessing,regional flood trend is becoming smaller but the variation of sediment quantity is not obvious and the reaction of peak discharge and flood runoff of majority tributaries are not sensitive,showing that a general and normal engineering works can not effectively control regional major floods especially the sediment of an extraordinary flood.