江河源区“黑土滩”退化草地特征、危害及治理思路探讨

Discussion on Restoration and Rebuilding of 'Blackion Soil Patch' Degraded Meadow in the Headwater Area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

从江河源区“黑土滩”退化草地生物地球化学特征、生态和经济危害入手,对目前“黑土滩”退化草地治理的治理思路进行探讨。“黑土滩”退化草地治理不能仅仅局限于追求生态效果,应该看到“黑土滩”生态功能转型的作用。将江河源区按生态功能、经济功能划分为无干扰生态核心区和生态经济保障区。在生态经济保障区域推行“草地农业家庭牧场模式”,在极度退化不可自然恢复的“黑土滩”建植多年生人工草地,“变废为宝”使“黑土滩”成为高寒地区草地家畜草饲料补充基地,是实现生态建设和畜牧业经济发展双赢的对策。重视江河源区草地系统鼠害的威胁,实施“草地生态建设,防治鼠害先行”的策略是江河源区草地生态和经济建设的保障。强调国家向江河源区持续性投资和持久性加强牧区人民的文化教育是我国江河源区生态和经济建设的重要保证。

Characteristics of biogeochemistry, dangers of ecology and stockbreeding economy of ＂black soil patch＂ degraded in the headwater area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were presented. At the same time, the harvest and problem of ecological construction for ＂black soil patch＇ degraded meadow was analyzed. The problem and idea of controlling ＂black soil patch＇ degraded meadow combining with ecological construction of the headwater area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were discussed. Based on the investigation and longterm research, that the head water area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers can be divided into two parts according to its ecological function and economic function was suggested, one is the core ecological area undis turbed, the other is eco-economy supplying area around the core area. That the item of restoration and controlling ＇black soil patch＂ degraded meadow should not focus on and pursue the ecological result, and must see the function of ＂black soll patch＂ degraded meadow with rebuilding in alpine stockbreeding was pointed out. The idea of ＂agri-grassland family pasture pattern＇ can be put in practice in the eco-economy supplying area around the core area, and rebuild perennial artificial grassland in the ＂black soil patch＂ degraded meadow where could not be recovered by itself in nature. In this way, the worthless ＂black soil patch＂ degraded meadow will be the valuable grassland, and become the provider of forage for livestock in alpine meadow, that is a both-wining strategy of ecological effect and pasture development. However, the threaten of mouse harm in the alpine meadow ecosystem must be paid attention to, and the policy of prevention and control of the mouse harm in antecedence must be carried out, that is a important guarantee to grassland and economy development in alpine meadow area. In the end, that it is a key factor for our government to invest and educate people in the alpine pasturing area for long term for ecological construction in the headwater area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers was emphasized.