古典诗词中的“水”“花”意象探析

A Probe into the Imagery of Water and Flowers in Classical Poetry

中国古典诗词中的“水”、“花”意象显示了语言意味无穷的审美特征,成了中华民族审美心理的物化表现。古人以“水”为时间的指代,抒发对时间流逝的无限留恋、惋惜之情。水的流动畅通无阻,开阔、博大、恢弘,表现了古典诗人对自然与人世的特殊感悟。用“花”来暗示春天,花的存在使人快乐,使环境美丽,人们希望它能长久地延续下去,但春天的消逝是那样的无情,而且最明显地表示春天消逝的就是落花。通过落花来传达伤春、惜春的情绪,进而悲叹韶华即逝、芳龄不再。对悲欢离合、世事无常的感叹,也是对人这一生命本体的关怀。人们对“水”、“花”的认知由视觉官能、触觉官能上升到了情感层面。

The imagery of water and flowers in classical Chinese poetry shows the aesthetic characteristics of the profound significance of language, and has become the embodiment of Chinese aesthetic mentality. The ancients symbolized time as water, expressing their yearning and pity for the swift passage of time. In addition, the smoothness, openness, abundance and extensiveness of the flow of water shows a peculiar understanding by the ancients about nature and the human world. In a similar way, the ancients symbolized spring as flowers, which beautified the environment and brought people so much pleasure. However, the poets expressed their sentiments of sadness and pity for the vanishing of spring which signifies the brevity of beauty and youth, and the vicissitudes of life. People understanding of water and flowers has been elevated from the senses of sight and touch to the level of emotion.