晋文公“五贤士”考

A Study on the Five Persons of Virtue of Duke Wen in the State of Jin

晋文公即位前曾有过十九年的政治流亡生涯,饱尝颠沛流离之苦,但是,由于他身边始终有一批忠实且颇具能力的追随者,所以他历难弥坚,流亡生涯反而成为他政治磨练的课堂,为他最终归国即位、称霸诸侯打下坚实的基础。在其追随者中,为后世史家津津乐道的是“五贤士”,他们的忠贞、才干不仅成就了晋文公对君位的追求,而且还塑造了春秋一代霸主。

Duke Wen had spent 19 years in exile before he came to power in the State of Jin. Although experienced much distress and weariness, he gained wisdom and tempered his character during the long exile with the assistance of some loyal and capable followers. Among them, the five persons of virtue, whose loyalties and talents not only helped Duke Wen get power, but also made the State of Jin a superpower during the Spring and Autumn Period, which has become one of the favorite topics of historians. This essay studied the five persons one by one according to historical documents.