萨达特时期美国对埃及援助的效果与背景

The Effects and Backgrounds of US Assistance to Egypt during Sadat Era

美国对埃及的援助是萨达特时期埃美关系的一个重要内容。到萨达特统治末期,埃及已成为仅次于以色列的第二大美国对外援助的受援国。但美援的经济效果不佳,政治性是其主要目的。美国之所以向埃及提供巨额援助,主要意图有三:其一,支持埃及与以色列实现和平;其二,使埃及成为美国中东战略体系的有机组成部分;其三,对美国经济有利。但同时美援对埃及也产生了许多消极影响:一方面使埃及背上了沉重的债务负担;另一方面加剧了埃及社会矛盾。此外还损害了埃及主权。

US Assistance to Egypt was an important content of Egypt - US relations during Sadat Era. By the end of this era, Egypt had been the first country to accept US assistance beyond israel. The economic effect of the assistance was not satisfactory, and its goal was political. There were three reasons for the assistance： firstly, it supported Egypt and Israel to make peace. Secondly, it made Egypt an important part of Amercian strategic system. Thirdly, it was adventageous to US economy. However, it caused a lot of negative effects on Egypt＇s. It had increased Egypt＇s debt burden; it had worsened the social conflicts. Moreover, it had damaged the country＇s sovereignty.