籼稻9311辐射突变体的分离与鉴定

Isolation and Characterization of Mutants from Indica Rice 9311 (Oryza sativa L.) Induced by Gamma Irradiation

利用350Gy的60Co-γ对籼稻9311进行辐射处理,以诱导产生大量的农艺与发育性状突变体,为水稻遗传研究和功能基因组学研究提供基础材料。M1代单本栽插并实行单株收获;M2代种植5000个家系,根据各个生育阶段形态性状表现进行初步鉴定,共有1665个家系的4136个单株发生形态变异,并筛选出各类形态突变体2001份;M3代按系谱种植进行重复鉴定获得包括叶、茎、穗、育性和熟期变化等各类突变体1996份。形态性状的突变频率按M2代种植家系中突变家系的百分比计算为33.3%,表明9311对γ射线是十分敏感的。本研究还发现辐射突变表现为单基因突变和多基因突变同时发生。同时,还筛选到一些优良农艺性状的突变体,可以直接应用于育种及生产当中。

The indica rice （Oryza sativa L.） 9311 was treated by 350 Gy ^60 gamma irradiation to induce agronomical and developmental mutants for genetic and functional genomics researches. The M1 plants was transplanted and harvested by single plant. A total of 5 000 families of M2 generation were grown, the diverse morphology mutations were occurred on 4 136 single plants in 1 665 families, which were preliminary screened and identified according to their morphological performance during different growing stages, and 2 001 morphological mutations was screened out. Then, the mutants were planted and confirmed again in M3 generations, a total of I 996 mutants with defects occurring in leaf, stalk, panicle, fertility and mature time were identified. The calculated mutation frequency of morphological character was 33.3% according to the percentage of mutational families in total families of M2 generations, which indicated that 9311 is sensitive to gamma irradiation. The results also indicated that both single gene mutation and multi-gene mutations were occurred simultaneously due to the gamma irradiation in the present experiment. Furthermore, some mutants with good agronomic traits were identified, which can be used directly in the current rice breeding programs.