空间机械润滑研究的发展现状

Recent Progress of the Space Mechanism Lubrication

根据研究工作积累并结合文献资料调研，对空间机械润滑研究的发展现状作了综合、归纳、分析与评述．首先，简要阐明了空间机械所经历的地面水蒸汽和氧，发射过程中的强烈振动和冲击过载，太空高真空和原子氧及强辐射等对空间机械摩擦学系统的影响．接着，根据空间技术发展的需要，提出并讨论了急等解决的空间机械摩擦副降低摩擦和提高稳定性，间歇操作状态下的润滑和防止冷焊，以及极端环境中的润滑和延长使用寿命等问题；比较系统地阐述了现有空间润滑材料的特性和存在的问题及其研究动态，指出这类材料总的发展趋势是多元复合或合金化和多层膜．针对空间机械润滑研究的现状，明确强调摩擦学材料表面及次表面层的优化处理，提高复合材料中各组元间的界面结合强度，改进摩擦学设计和模拟试验等。

The recent progress of the space machanism lubrication are summarized and analyzed based on literature search and studies in author′s laboratory.Space tribo components or mechanisms have to be subjected to water and exygen in the air before launching,heavy verbration and impulsive overload during launching,and high vacuum,active atomic oxygen,radiation etc .Effects of these conditions on the performance of the tribosystems are summarized at first.Four important tribological problems for friction pairs of space mechanisms,which are ultralow friction and low friction noise,lubrication and cold welding prevention in intermittent operating conditions,lubrication under extreme environments and extended lubricant endurance life are presented and discussed according to the requirements due to development of the sapce techniques.Properties of the available space lubricating materials,the study and development tendency are then clarified systematically.It is indicated that preparing self lubricating composite or alloy and multilayer film materials from multielement materials is the main tendency today.Optimizing combination of counterface and subsurface of the substrates,strengthening the interface bonding between elements,improving tribology design and modeling tests are obviously emphasized for future study in tribosystems of space mechanisms.