南方欧亚种葡萄引种评价和栽培技术研究

Evaluation of the grape cultivars and research on their cultural techniques in south area of China

评价了35个欧亚种葡萄品种,认为适合南方栽培的欧亚种葡萄基因型有9个,以其中2个表现优良的主栽品种为试材,研究了南方欧亚种葡萄优质稳产栽培的几个主要技术影响因子。结果表明,矢富罗莎、红地球分别选择SO4、巨峰作砧木,生长结果最优,平均粒重较自根苗分别增加21.6%、10.7%,可溶性固形物含量分别提高14.8%、2.8%;2个品种采用单十字飞鸟型架式较双十字V型架产量分别提高20.7%、15.0%;2个品种采用5-4-3-2-1摘心法较常规方法结果枝率分别提高51.9%、28.6%;使用细胞酶制剂叶面肥粒重增加1.2￣1.6g,可溶性固形物含量提高1%,对降低果实酸度也有一定的影响,明显改善红色品种果实外观。

A total of 35 grape cultivars belonging to Vitis vinifera L. were observed and evaluated under the local natural conditions. 9 cuhivars of them were recommended for commercial growing. The Yatomi Rosa and Red Globe cuhivars were used for studying the suitable cultural techniques. Results showed that the best rootstock for Yatomi Rosa was SO4 and for Red Globe was Kyoho. By using these rootstocks their berry weight could be increased by 21.6% and 10.7% and the soluble solids content was increased by 14.8% and 2.8%, respectively in comparison with the non-grafted grafted ones, The yield of both euhivars in the single-crossed flying trellis was increased by 20.7 % and 9.9 % in comparison with that of double crossed V trellis. By using 5-4-3-2-1 shoot pinching method, the ratio of fruiting shoots to non-fruiting shoots in both cuhivars was increased by 51.9 % and 28.6% compared with the general pinching method. The berry weight and SSC were increased by 1.2-1.6 g and 1%, respectively in application of cytozyme. Also, cytozyme could reduce the berry acidity and remarkably improve the berry appearance.