深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏问题

TECTONIC,DEFORMATION AND FAILURE PROBLEMS OF DEEP ROCK MASS

随着经济建设与国防建设的不断发展,地下空间开发不断走向深部,如逾千米乃至数千米的矿山(如金川镍矿和南非金矿等)、水电工程埋深逾千米的引水隧道、核废料的深层地质处置、深地下防护工程(如700m防护岩层下的北美防空司令部)等。伴随着深部岩体工程响应发生了一系列新的特征科学现象,这些特征科学现象与浅部岩体工程响应相比具有迥异的特点,而且用传统的连续介质力学理论无法圆满地进行解释,从而引起了国际上岩石力学工程领域专家学者的极大关注,成为近几年该领域研究的热点。根据深部岩体的构造特点、高地应力及含能和非协调变形的特点,围绕深部岩体工程响应发生的静、动力特征科学现象,提出了深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏需要研究的科学问题。

With the development of national economy and defense, the depth of underground engineering becomes deeper and deeper, such as mines with depth of thousand to several thousands meters（for example, Jinchuan nickel mines and golden mines in South Africa）, diversion tunnels with depth of more than thousand meters for hydropower engineering, deep geological deposition of nuclear waste, deep underground protection engineering（for example, air defense headquarter in northern American in 700 m deep underground rock）. The engineering response of deep rock mass shows several new characteristic scientific phenomena. In comparison with responses of shallow rock engineering, these new characteristic scientific phenomena have quite different features, and can not be explained by traditional continuum mechanics completely. They attract the attentions of scholars and engineers in the fields of geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics in the world, and become the focus of the study in these fields for last several years. A new branch of rock mechanics--nonlinear deep rock mechanics is being established. The tectonic, deformation and failure problems of deep rock are suggested according to the static and dynamic characteristic scientific phenomena and the characteristics of deep rock, such as the block structure feature, the state of high earth stress, the stored energy and the nonlinearity, discontinuity and incompatibility of deformation.